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Contingency tables ​

Open this method

Purpose ​

Examine association between two categorical variables, such as education and intended use.

Data and assumptions ​

Each independent respondent contributes one row. Both variables must be observed. Fisher exact testing is limited to 2 by 2 tables.

Configure this method ​

Assign row and column variables and choose row, column, total or no percentages. The default is Pearson chi-square without continuity correction; choose Fisher explicitly for a sparse 2 by 2 table.

Variables ​

ControlInput
Row variableSelect one variable
Column variableSelect one variable

Analysis settings ​

ParameterChoicesDefault
Crosstab percentagesRow percentages, Column percentages, Total percentages, Frequencies onlyrow
Association testPearson chi-square test, Fisher's exact testchi2

Analysis parameters remain visible in the main configuration area. Advanced formatting contains only the table title and numeric decimals. Methods that calculate intervals also show the significance level; 0.05 corresponds to 95% intervals.

Read the results ​

Row and column percentages answer different questions. State the denominator. The chi-square test assesses overall association; Cramer V describes its strength. Expected counts are available in raw output.

Workflow and exports ​

  1. Upload the dataset and choose the method from the sidebar or search.
  2. Select the variables above, set the design-specific options, then run the analysis.
  3. Inspect the paper-style result. Reconfigure from the result area, or open raw output for diagnostics and sample details.
  4. Rename and keep result tabs as needed. Export Word, Excel, CSV or TXT; batch export can include the selected AI interpretation. Word retains figures. AI text should be checked against the estimates.

Algorithm and references ​